Jupiter, the planet, satellites and magnetosphere request pdf. Extending beyond jupiter s moons, the jovian magnetic field is the strongest in the solar system, except for the suns. For historical comparison, gehrels 1976 jupiter has 44 chapters written by 80 authors, often as single authors. Magnetic fields of the satellites of jupiter and saturn. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere, was published, presenting an impressive detailed guide for understanding this complex system. Thus, a new flagshipclass mission to the jupiter system and its satellites is required to address top priority scientific questions. Jupiter and three galilean satellites nasa solar system. The total mass of jupiter s satellites is about the same as that of mars and probably about 1% of the heavyelement mass everything except hydrogen and helium inside jupiter. Like near the earth, the magnetic field of our solar system s largest planet compresses when impacted by a gust of charged particles from the sun. In this paper we explore the largescale structure of the interplanetary magnetic field imf upstream of saturn and jupiter as a function of. Striking evidence of the interaction of the satellites and the magnetosphere was provided when it was found that the innermost large satellite, io, actually affects the bursts of radio static produced. Rothery and others published jupiter, the planet, satellites and magnetosphere find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. About the images left strong eastwest winds create latitudinal bands in jupiter s atmosphere cassini.
The spacecraft, which arrived at jupiter in july 2016, is the first to study the planet s mysterious, cloudshrouded interior. Farther out, field lines can be significantly distorted by the flow of electrically. Jupiter is at its biggest and brightest, mercury and mars appear ultraclose after sunset for two nights and how you can observe the moons tilted orbit. Trapped within jupiters magnetosphere the area in which magnetic field lines encircle the planet from. At the center, the immense pressure may support a solid core of rock about the size of earth. The interior of jupiter is the seat of a strong dynamo that produces a surface magnetic. Jupiter, its great red spot and three of its four largest satellites are visible in this photo taken feb. Oct 12, 2007 observations of jupiter s nightside airglow nightglow and aurora obtained during the flyby of the new horizons spacecraft show an unexpected lack of ultraviolet nightglow emissions, in contrast to the case during the voyager flybys in 1979. If its magnetospheric plasma corotates with the planet, the effect of centrifugal force on the plasma distribution will be considerable.
The planet, satellites and magnetosphere request pdf. Magnetosphere of ganymede, jupiters moon windows to the. The spacecraft was launched from cape canaveral air force station on august 5, 2011, as part of the new frontiers program. The moons adrastea and metis skirt the edges of the flat main ring, which is 6,500 kilometers 4,000 miles wide. There are regularities in satellite systems that are important in constraining satellite origin. Jupiter s enormous magnetic field is nearly 20,000 times as. Jupiters inner radiation belts laboratory for atmospheric and. But the magnetosphere rotates along with jupiter because its driven by the magnetic field, which is generated deep inside the planet. Dowling, and william mckinnon joe giacalone lunar and planetary laboratory university of arizona tucson, arizona, 85712. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere 9780521035453. This comprehensive volume summarises current understanding of the jovian system, in the light of recent scientific results from the galileo spacecraft, the galileo probe, the cassini spacecraft, the hubble space telescope, and numerous groundbased and theoretical studies. Jupiter the planet, satellites and magnetosphere, edited by fran. Although regular satellites extend to 2050 planet radii, they do not form a scale model of the solar system.
For instance, the large regular satellites of jupiter, saturn, and uranus have lowinclination, prograde orbits indicative of formation from an equatorial disk stevenson, 1990. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere textbook very rarely. Jupiters enormous magnetic field is nearly 20,000 times as. Jupiter magnetosphere generation windows to the universe. Jupiters dynamo generates the most intense planetary magnetic field in the solar system, with a. The stirring motion of jupiters hot interior also generates its magnetic field. Surrounding jupiters magnetosphere is a magnetopause, located at the inner edge of a magnetosheatha region between it and the bow shock. It is known for its giant spinning storm called the great red spot. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere fran bagenal, timothy e. It was built by lockheed martin and is operated by nasa s jet propulsion laboratory. There is a paper about the atmospheres of the satellites, and another about radiation effects on satellite surfaces.
Lionel wilson, in encyclopedia of the solar system third edition, 2014. The current systems of the jovian magnetosphere and ionosphere. The strong magnetic fields at earth, jupiter, and saturn carve out large magnetospheres, within which the electrodynamical force balance is enforced by current systems, some of which close in the ionosphere. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere, volume 2 fran bagenal, timothy e. Nasas juno spacecraft is currently studying the gas giant planet from orbit. Solar cycle effects on the dynamics of jupiters and.
Of the 17 moons it is the 3rd closest to jupiter, with a standoff distance of 181,300 km. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. Galileo and europa in fact, after 14 years of flight time and 8 years collecting data around jupiter, galileo was deliberately destroyed by sending it crashing at 50 kms into jupiter s crushing atmosphere. The magnetosphere of jupiter is the largest planetary magnetosphere in the solar system, extending up to 7,000,000 kilometers 4,300,000 mi on the dayside and almost to the orbit of saturn on the nightside. Explore and study jupiter s magnetosphere near the planet s poles, especially the auroras jupiter s northern and southern lights, to provide new insights about how the planet s enormous magnetic force field affects its atmosphere. Jupiters magnetosphere and aurorae observed by the. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere, covering topics of plasma interactions with the satellites kivelson et al.
The flux and average energy of precipitating electrons generally decrease with increasing local time across the nightside, consistent with a possible. Jupiters magnetosphere and aurorae observed by the juno. Spacecraft have visited jupiter and saturn during both solar cycle minima and maxima. In this picture, a magnetic field is sketched over the image to place the energetic neutral atom emissions in perspective. Jupiter s magnetosphere is stronger than earths by an order of magnitude, and its magnetic moment is approximately 18,000 times larger. Mckinnon, william mckinnon cambridge university press, nov 8, 2004 science 719 pages. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere, cambridge univ. There are 146 known planetary moons, with at least 27 moons awaiting official recognition.
The other four regular satellites are much smaller and. B intense auroral emissions are signatures of the coupling between the planet and the magnetospheric. As a group, children discuss what they know about the solar system and jupiter. Io and a population of energetic plasma trapped in the magnetic field that provides a physical link between the satellites, particularly io, and the planet jupiter. Juno is a nasa space probe orbiting the planet jupiter. This comprehensive volume summarizes current knowledge of the jovian system, in view of recent scientific developments regarding the galileo spacecraft, the galileo probe, the cassini spacecraft, the hubble space telescope, and numerous groundbased and theoretical studies.
Chapter 2 the origin of jupiter no figures chapter 3 the interior of jupiter. The third component is made of the same particles as the main ring, but the electromagnetic forces from jupiter s magnetosphere shape it into a thick, doughnut shape. Magnetosphere of ganymede when the galileo spacecraft flew by ganymede, it found something that was a big surprise to everyone a very strong magnetic field. Jupiter satellites an overview sciencedirect topics.
Trapped within jupiter s magnetosphere the area in which magnetic field lines encircle the planet from pole to pole are swarms of charged particles. This is a similar ratio to the heavyelement distribution in our solar system, where the sun contains around 10 jupiter masses and the planetary system tens of earth. The shape of the jovian magnetosphere should be similar to that of earth, with the size of the. The term magnetosphere was applied to magnetic bubble by thomas gold in 1959. Download complete pdf book, the epub book or the kindle book. Hence the earth magnetosphere, if seen from jupiter, would appear in the sky to be no larger than the planet jupiter appears to us from earth, a mere dot in the sky. The radiation belts of both earth and jupiter were discov ered nearly. The magnetospheres of jupiter and earth sciencedirect. If it glowed in wavelengths visible to the eye, it would appear two to three times the size of the sun or moon to viewers on earth.
Drakeelectrodynamic effects of jupiters satellite io. Right, top t wo of jupiter s moons, volcanic io above the great red spot and. This magnetic compression funnels charged particles towards jupiter s poles and down into the atmosphere. Jupiter europa orbiter component of ejsm concept study. Chapters are written by leading authorities in the field and cover all aspects of jupiter, its satellites and magnetosphere. The magnetosphere of jupiter is the cavity created in the solar wind by the planet s magnetic field. Map jupiter s magnetic and gravity fields, revealing the planet s deep structure. Observing jupiters clouds doesnt help because they rotate at varying speeds and are not directly connected to the planets interior. Download now jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. Jupiter is the largest and most massive planet in our solar system. It is traditional to divide jupiters magnetosphere into inner 40rj re gions. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere in june 2001, with the galileo mission ending and the cassini mission having encountered jupiter on its way to saturn, a.
The current systems of the jovian magnetosphere and. Of the planets, jupiter has by far the greatest time coverage of data. To first order, jupiter s interior can be described by simple arguments. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere the website. They work in teams to read about the sun, eight planets, asteroid belt, and the dwarf planet pluto. Jupiter s satellites ganymede and europa, uranuss satellite ariel. Jupiters magnetic field traps large quantities of charged particles in belts, similar to. Nasas juno spacecraft arrived at jupiter on 4 july 2016 and made its first close pass on 27 august 2016. It is the biggest thing in the entire solar system. At about 75 jupiter radii from the planet, the interaction of the magnetosphere with the solar wind generates a bow shock. Jupiter s large internal dynamo magnetic field generates a gigantic magnetosphere, which is strongly rotational driven and possesses large plasma sources located deeply. The magnetic fields of earth and jupiter carve cavities out of the solar wind, which in turn influences the dynamics. Moons, rings, and magnetic fields characterize the planets.
The galilean satellites are nearly spherical in shape due to their planetary mass, and so would be considered at least dwarf planets if they were in direct orbit around the sun. We learn about magnetospheric interactions with satellites. Auroral emission from planetary or satellite upper atmospheres often, but not always, accompanies the field. They use their knowledge to create a poster about each object, which can be displayed in the library and used to create the. May 26, 2017 jupiter is the largest and most massive planet in our solar system. This magnetic field creates a huge bubble of electrically charged gas called the magnetosphere. Cassinis ion and neutral camera detects neutral atoms expelled from the magnetosphere, deriving information about their source. Modeling the jovian magnetic field and its secular variation. Get your kindle here, or download a free kindle reading app. But what is a magnetosphere, and why study jupiter s. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere cambridge planetary science on. The various processes which generate magnetic fields within the jupiter system are exemplary for a large class of similar processes occurring at other planets in the solar system, but also around extrasolar planets.
It extends out to nearly 5 million kilometers 3 million miles wide on average, 150 times wider than jupiter itself and. Jupiters magnetosphere will blow your mind while it kills. Edited by fran bagenal, timothy dowling, william mckinnon. This sketch extends in the horizontal plane to a width 30 times the radius of jupiter. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere cambridge. Fran bagenal, timothy e dowling and william b mckinnon, cambridge university press. The juno mission, scheduled for launch in 2011, will focus on jupiter s deep interior and magnetosphere but will not address key science questions for the galilean satellites and the integrated jupiter system. Extending up to seven million kilometers in the suns direction and almost to the orbit of saturn in the opposite direction, jupiter s magnetosphere is the largest and most powerful of any planetary magnetosphere in the solar system, and by volume the largest known continuous structure in the. Amalthea is about the size of a county or small state. Media in category jupiter magnetosphere the following 51 files are in this category, out of 51 total. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere textbook abbreviated.
Not only is it big enough to hold all of jupiter s moons, but the sun itself could fit inside. The insides of most of the moons and planets separated while they were forming out of the primitive solar nebula. Jupiter is a huge planet, but its magnetosphere is mindblowingly massive. Jupiter is at its biggest and brightest, mercury and mars appear ultraclose after sunset for two nights and how you can observe the moon s tilted orbit. Jupiter magnetosphere nasa solar system exploration. The magnetic field accelerates electrically charged particles that stream through the magnetosphere. The planet, satellites and magnetosphere edited by bagenal et al. The giant planetary magnetospheres surrounding jupiter and saturn respond in quite different ways, compared to earth, to changes in upstream solar wind conditions. In this visualization, the magnetic field structure is represented by goldcopper lines. The magnetosphere is a bubble of charged particles trapped within the magnetic environment of the planet. It is traditional to divide jupiters magnetosphere into inner 40rj regions. Mckinnon cambridge university press, mar 5, 2007 science 719 pages. Chapter 9 jupiter s upper atmosphere and ionosphere.
Chapter 4 the composition of the atmosphere of jupiter. A magnetosphere is a region of space surrounding an astronomical object in which charged particles are affected by that objects magnetic field. Orbital speeds of constituents are measured in several tens of kms. Jun 28, 2011 jupiter s magnetic field is the largest structure in the solar system. The magnetosphere also enables us to measure how fast jupiter spins. Orbiting around jupiter are the largest number sixteen at the last count and the moat interesting collection of moons satellites of any of the planets. Jupiter s large size and 10hour rotation period are responsible for an immense jovian magnetosphere, and the final papers in this book discuss various aspects of it. Chapter 8 lessons from shoemakerlevy 9 about jupiter and planetary impacts. The field dominates an expansive region called the magnetosphere the largest structure in the solar system. This comprehensive volume summarizes current knowledge of the jovian system, in view of recent scientific developments regarding the galileo spacecraft, the galileo probe, the cassini spacecraft, the hubble space telescope, and numerous groundbased and. Jupiter planet satellites and magnetosphere planetary systems and. Many of the satellites of the gasgiant planets have bulk densities indicating that their interiors are mixtures of silicate rocks and the ice of common volatiles, mainly water. Juno entered a polar orbit of jupiter on july 5, 2016 utc.
It is created by a star or planet with an active interior dynamo in the space environment close to a planetary body, the magnetic field resembles a magnetic dipole. This is the first time a strong magnetic field had been found near any moon. If it could be seen at night, it would be as big in the sky as the full moon. Jupiter s magnetosphere is the largest object in the solar system. In fact, jupiter radiates more heat than it absorbs from the sun. Of jupiter s moons, eight are regular satellites with prograde and nearly circular orbits that are not greatly inclined with respect to jupiter s equatorial plane. The magnetosphere is so large that it would look as big as the moon if it were visible in the night sky. The inner magnetosphere is the seat of plasma production for the magnetosphere and it also hosts the inner. And there is a paper on the dynamics of the magnetosphere. But it wasnt until the space age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields though there were hints of a magnetic field for jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes.